The Sundial - Garden Ornament or Exotic Timepiece?

Article by: Graham McClung

Most of us regard a sundial as an attractive ornament for a park or garden. , Embellish Your Trees with Movement, Music, and Light Their effectiveness as time keepers is highly variable That's unfortunate, because it is not at all difficult to ensure that your garden , The Patio Heater vs. The Chimenea - The Season Extenders sundial will be an accurate timepiece, provided, of course that the sun , Milling four square lumber is shining. But that will be covered in another article. For now, let's see what a sundial is, and what it is capable of. Sundial History We forget in this modern age that accurate, affordable watches and clocks have been around for much less than 200 years. Before then, sundials were one of the few ways to tell the time with reasonable accuracy. Shadow clocks dated at 1500BC are known from Egypt, but the first dials appear to have been Babylonian. The Greeks adapted the idea, the Romans developed it further, and by about 100BC had perfected the horizontal sundial (and placed it in their garden , Get More Heat from Your Same Ol' Fireplace with Simple Techn s). Even in ancient days some people had schedules to keep, and both agriculture , Choosing Roses For Your Landscape and religion required knowledge of the seasons , Native Plant and Tree List For The Doylestown Pa. Area and the movement of the sun , Get Off The Grass - Groundcovers For Problem Places to determine planting and the timing of ceremonies. The sundial was an important means of providing that information , REPLACING STEEL CASEMENT WINDOWS (PART 2) , and considerable advances in mathematics, geometry and astronomy were made while it was perfected. The knowledge gained forms part of the foundations of modern science. Types of Sundial There are four reasonably common types of sundial. They all have two things in common. Each consists of a raised structure, called the gnomon (silent "g") which casts a shadow onto a plate called the dial. The dial is divided into hourly or shorter time divisions and may also show other information , The Advantages of Poly Outdoor Furniture .The part of the gnomon whose shadow indicates the time on the dial is called the style. The most abundant form is the horizontal sundial, happily sitting on its pedestal or column and adding beauty and interest to the home , Sky Pencil Hollies Are Used in Easton Pa. garden. Related is the equatorial sundial, with its dial oriented at the same angle as the latitude. It works slightly differently, and is easier to use when properly calibrated. Thirdly, there is the vertical sundial, ideally located on a wall , Lumber 101 facing due south in the northern hemisphere, and north in the southern hemisphere. The principle is much the same, but the sundial only occupies a semicircular area. Vertical sundials displayed the time to the public, and were used to correct unreliable public clocks. And the most elegant of all, the portable sundial. George Washington had one - at that time pocket watches were most unreliable. Modern examples can be a work of art. They combine a compass with an adjustable dial. The dial is tilted to correspond to local , Get Off The Grass - Groundcovers For Problem Places latitude, and the compass defines north. Pretty neat! Sundial Accuracy A properly designed and installed sundial can be a very accurate means of telling the time, down to intervals of less than a minute. I won't go into the mathematics, but on a sundial 16 inches (40cm) in diameter, the shadow of the gnomon will move about 1/30th of an inch, or just under 1mm, in a minute. This may be small, it's enough for our eyes to see. Two Major Problems Apart from the frequent absence of sunlight (Problem 1), all sun , The Walking Leaf dials show time by cakibrating outwards from the position of the sun , Get More Heat from Your Same Ol' Fireplace with Simple Techn at noon, and if you live east or west of me, your noon is different to mine. Although the earth , How to Create a Decorative Garden Window moves around the sun, , Parsley: A Cook’s Best Friend we see it the other way. The sun , Interior Design Simply Means Personalizing Your Interior Env appears to move from east to west across the sky, and local , The Benefits of Wood Fireplace Mantels noon is when it's vertically overhead. But if you live 100 miles west of me, my noon is still your late morning, and your noon is my early afternoon. This would be inconvenient if we used our sundials to arrange a lunch date, but a real problem if I had a plane to catch in another city. Solar Time and Official Time People managed to live with this problem until communications and transport became faster. Imagine calculating train timetables when Boston, New York and Buffalo all worked on different local , Love to garden but short on money? Here's 10 money saving ideas. times. The answer was the development of local , Lumber 101 time zones. US Railways did this in 1883, but in 1914 the world's governments agreed to divide the globe into 24 zones, each 15 degrees of longitude in width, and each one hour different in time to its neighbours. Boundaries were altered slightly to account for state and national borders. There are four time zones in the contiguous 48 states of the USA: Eastern, centred on 75 degrees W longitude; Central, on 90 degrees; Mountain, on 105 degrees; and Pacific, on 120 degrees. Noon was identified astronomically for each of these meridians (now it's done by atomic clocks), and accepted everywhere else in the zone. Noon on sundials in places , Looking for the best opinion concerning glass art. very close to these longitudes will correspond to official noon. For every degree east or west of the central meridian, for 7.5 degrees either side, you will need to add or subtract four minutes respectively to correct your sun , Bamboo To The Rescue! dial. A few other adjustments are necessary to compensate for irregularities in the earth's path , Cultivating Plants in your Garden...what to watch out for. around the sun , Parsley: A Cook’s Best Friend - not too difficult to make but the theory is beyond this article. They add to the inconvenience, and that's why sundials have been superceded by more convenient and reliable forms of time keeping. But problems with time zones and orbital paths , Be Careful of Over-Mulching Your Plants can be corrected, and there's no reason why you can't find the correct time from your sundial. No reason, that is, provided it has been properly installed in your garden. , Mosquitoes in Your ? Try Planting These. And that's the subject of another article.

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